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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

Strontium-Enriched Barite for Enhanced PbSO₄ Nucleation in Lead-Acid Batteries.

Colin T Campbell¹, Ajay S Karakoti¹, Shannon J Lee¹

¹Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|March 3, 2025

Summary

Strontium-enriched barite improves lead sulfate nucleation in lead-acid batteries by altering crystal growth mechanisms. This enhancement offers a pathway to more efficient battery performance and longevity.

Keywords:

Pb‐acid battery epitaxy in situ AFM nucleation sulfation

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Last Updated: May 24, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

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Published on: December 29, 2016

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

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Published on: June 6, 2018

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: July 26, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Crystallography

Background:

Barite (BaSO₄) crystals promote controlled nucleation of anglesite (PbSO₄) in lead-acid batteries due to their similar crystal structure.
Lattice mismatches between barite and anglesite (1-5%) limit the effectiveness of barite as a nucleation promoter.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize strontium-enriched barite ((Ba,Sr)SO₄) as a nucleation promoter with an improved lattice match to anglesite (PbSO₄).
To investigate the effect of strontium incorporation on the nucleation and growth mechanisms of PbSO₄ on barite surfaces.

Main Methods:

In-situ atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy were used to observe PbSO₄ nucleation on strontium-free and strontium-enriched barite.
Strontium-enriched barite with up to 17 mol% Sr was synthesized for the experiments.

Main Results:

At low strontium concentrations, PbSO₄ nucleation followed the Stranski-Krastanov pathway, primarily on edges and defects.
At higher strontium concentrations, PbSO₄ exhibited Frank van-der-Merwe growth, forming continuous films on the barite surface.
These PbSO₄ films could be re-dissolved in lead-free sulfuric acid.

Conclusions:

Strontium incorporation fundamentally alters PbSO₄ nucleation mechanisms on barite.
Strontium-enriched barite presents a promising avenue for developing improved nucleation promoters in lead-acid batteries.