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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The viral landscape in metastatic cancer remains largely unexplored.
  • Understanding virus-host interactions is crucial for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the virome in blood and tissue samples from a large cohort of metastatic cancer patients.
  • To identify prevalent viral genera and their association with specific cancer types and host molecular features.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral DNA in blood and tissue from 4918 metastatic cancer patients across 38 cancer types (Hartwig Medical Foundation cohort).
  • Utilized a coverage-based filtering approach for viral detection.
  • Investigated associations between viral presence, host mutational signatures, and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Detected 25 unique viral genera across 32 cancer types.
  • Common viruses included Torque teno virus and Alphatorquevirus in blood, and Alphapapillomavirus and Roseolovirus in tissue.
  • Alphapapillomavirus was enriched in genital, anal, and colorectal cancers, linked to immune and DNA repair pathways.
  • HPV integration correlated with higher mutation rates and extrachromosomal DNA.

Conclusions:

  • Viral presence is common in metastatic cancer patients, varying between blood and tissue.
  • Alphapapillomavirus shows significant associations with specific cancers and host molecular profiles.
  • Alphapapillomavirus detection in blood from cervical and anal cancers suggests potential as a non-invasive biomarker.