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Related Concept Videos

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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
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Exploring the Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) for Children with ASD Across Countries: A Systematic Review.

Hiu Wo Chan1, Lucy Shih Ju Hsu2, Kathy Kar Man Shum2

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. chwlucy@connect.hku.hk.

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|March 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) aids children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This review synthesizes HAI approaches, highlighting cultural variations in animals, formats, and settings for future interventions.

Keywords:
Children with ASDCompanion animalsHuman–animal interactionTherapy animals

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Animal-Assisted Interventions
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) is increasingly used to support children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
  • Children with ASD often face challenges in social interaction and emotional regulation.
  • Understanding cultural variations in HAI is crucial for effective global implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize current knowledge on HAI for children with ASD.
  • To explore potential cultural variations in HAI practices worldwide.
  • To identify directions for enhancing positive HAI experiences for children with ASD.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic database search was performed to identify relevant studies.
  • Studies meeting specific selection criteria were synthesized.
  • Data on HAI characteristics, formats, animals, and settings were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The review included 97 studies, predominantly from Europe and the United States.
  • Animal-assisted interventions and pet ownership were the most common HAI formats.
  • Dogs and horses were the most frequently used animals, often in home or equestrian settings.

Conclusions:

  • This review offers a broad perspective on HAI for children with ASD across different countries.
  • Cultural differences in companion animals, intervention formats, and settings were identified.
  • Findings provide therapeutic insights for multicultural HAI applications and future interventions.