Twelve tips on finding a research orientation: A practical guide for the novice researcher

Health professions education (HPE) research has developed into a robust scientific field, embracing a variety of methodological approaches. Although not always explicitly stated, research inquiries are underpinned by a research orientation; philosophical assumptions that guide the way in which research is designed, conducted, reported and evaluated. In a field as diverse as ours, novice researchers may find it challenging to orient themselves in epistemological and ontological considerations, that is, knowing which questions to ask. In the HPE research field, it is also not unusual for researchers to move between research traditions, that is, being a paradigmatic crossover. This article therefore provides twelve practical tips for novice researchers on finding a research orientation for their study. In summary, we suggest that novice researchers engage in a reflective and exploratory journey around why and how they attempt to address a certain research problem. We further urge that every research inquiry be conducted intentionally and coherently, and suggest that paradigmatic conversations and reflections continue throughout the research career. In conclusion, we hope that the twelve tips provided herein will assist not only novice researchers but also more experienced researchers engaging in paradigmatic crossings.