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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

11.8K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Engineering Work Function to Stabilize Metal Oxides in Reactive Hydrogen.

Abdul Rehman1, Robbert W E van de Kruijs1, Wesley T E van den Beld1

  • 1Industrial Focus Group XUV Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB Enschede, The Netherlands.

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|March 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The work function of transition metal compounds can be tuned to control their interaction with hydrogen. Lowering the work function reduces hydrogen-induced degradation, crucial for the green energy transition.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Hydrogen is vital for the green energy transition but can degrade materials.
  • Understanding hydrogen-material interactions is key to harnessing hydrogen's potential.
  • Previous work showed work function thresholds in transition metal nitride reduction by hydrogen radicals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if work function can modulate hydrogen interaction with transition metal oxides.
  • To explore tailoring work function by adjusting constituent transition metal ratios.
  • To assess the impact on reducibility and stabilization of oxidation states.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized complex transition metal oxides with varying compositions.
  • Tuned the work function by altering the relative content of transition metal atoms.
  • Investigated the reducibility (deoxidation) of these oxides in hydrogen radicals (H*).

Main Results:

  • Increasing the fraction of a low-work function transition metal decreased the overall work function of the oxide.
  • Lowered work function correlated with decreased reducibility in H*.
  • Higher oxidation states of a high-work function transition metal were stabilized.

Conclusions:

  • Work function is a tunable parameter that effectively modulates hydrogen-transition metal compound interactions.
  • This finding offers a strategy to enhance material stability in hydrogen environments.
  • The results are significant for materials selection in hydrogen energy applications.