Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

993
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
993
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

1.0K
NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
1.0K
Discrete Fourier Transform01:15

Discrete Fourier Transform

205
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a fundamental tool in signal processing, extending the discrete-time Fourier transform by evaluating discrete signals at uniformly spaced frequency intervals. This transformation converts a finite sequence of time-domain samples into frequency components, each representing complex sinusoids ordered by frequency. The DFT translates these sequences into the frequency domain, effectively indicating the magnitude and phase of each frequency component present...
205
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

702
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
702
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

721
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
721

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in combating drug-resistant bacterial infections].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same author

Targeting delivery systems with aptamer-conjugated hyaluronic acid for personalized assessment of treatment response to targeted cancer therapy.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Effects of N-carbamylglutamate on down yield and quality and thyroid transcriptome in breeding Huoyan geese.

Poultry science·2026
Same author

Multimodal Prehabilitation for Older Adults Undergoing Spinal Fusion : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same author

Dual-Protein Intervention in CT26 Tumor-Bearing Mice: A Preliminary Evaluation of Its Effects on Anti-Tumor Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil and Immune Responses.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Frailty index, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and delayed physical functional recovery after spinal fusion surgery in older adults.

Journal of neurosurgery. Spine·2026
Same journal

Ultrasound-Informed State Estimation of Wrist Tremor Dynamics via Koopman Operator for Personalized Sensory Peripheral Nerve Stimulation.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Motion Intention Recognition and DDPG-Based Adaptive Impedance Control for a Robotic Upper-Limb Exoskeleton.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

CNN-Based Modelling Reveals Temporal Brain Dynamics of Auditory Intensity Processing.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Pathology-Informed Augmentation Improves Cross-Cohort IMU-to-vGRF Estimation Between Healthy Adults and Adults With Osteoarthritis.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Effects of task-driven head orientations on gait and balance during walking in virtual reality.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Wearable sensor-based Mild Cognitive Impairment Identification: A Multi-Domain Gait Analysis Approach with Association Rule Mining.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
11:15

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

Published on: June 27, 2013

33.6K

The multi-frequency decomposition entropy learning for nonlinear fMRI data analysis.

Di Han, Yuhu Shi, Lei Wang

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
    |March 3, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces multi-frequency decomposition entropy (MDE) to uncover nonlinear functional connectivity in brain imaging. MDE reveals distinct nonlinear patterns differentiating psychiatric disorders from healthy controls and among themselves.

    More Related Videos

    Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
    04:44

    Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

    Published on: July 21, 2021

    4.1K
    Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels
    08:19

    Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels

    Published on: October 20, 2023

    978

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 24, 2025

    Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
    11:15

    Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

    Published on: June 27, 2013

    33.6K
    Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
    04:44

    Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

    Published on: July 21, 2021

    4.1K
    Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels
    08:19

    Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels

    Published on: October 20, 2023

    978

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry
    • Data Science

    Background:

    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is crucial for understanding psychiatric disorders.
    • Existing research often overlooks nonlinear functional connectivity, focusing primarily on linear relationships.
    • Psychiatric disorders share common neurobiology and clinical symptoms, necessitating advanced analytical methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel method, multi-frequency decomposition entropy (MDE) learning, for inferring nonlinear functional connectivity from fMRI data.
    • To investigate the nonlinear functional connectivity patterns in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    • To identify potential discriminating biomarkers for mental diseases based on nonlinear functional connectivity.

    Main Methods:

    • fMRI data preprocessing and analysis using variational mode decomposition to separate signals into five frequency groups.
    • Copula entropy calculation to quantify nonlinear relationships between brain regions within each frequency band.
    • Statistical t-tests to identify significant nonlinear relationships and a gyrus importance index to analyze distribution trends.

    Main Results:

    • MDE analysis revealed significant differences in nonlinear functional connectivity at hub nodes between patient groups (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ADHD) and healthy controls.
    • A weaker nonlinear relationship was observed among patient groups at common hub nodes.
    • Each psychiatric disorder exhibited unique nonlinear functional connectivity characteristics, distinguishing it from other disorders and healthy controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Multi-frequency decomposition entropy effectively captures nonlinear functional connectivity differences across various frequency bands.
    • The findings highlight both commonalities and distinctions in nonlinear brain connectivity among different psychiatric disorders.
    • MDE analysis offers a promising approach for identifying discriminating biomarkers in mental diseases.