Effect of Feedback on Foot Strike Angle and Forward Propulsion in People With Stroke

Effective retraining of foot elevation and forward propulsion is essential in stroke survivors' gait rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of providing real-time feedback on foot strike angle (FSA) and forward propulsion in people with stroke. Twelve stroke survivors completed five walking trials on an instrumented treadmill: 1) regular walking (one); 2) feedback on FSA; 3) feedback on propulsion; 4) feedback on both FSA and propulsion; and 5) regular walking (two). Visual feedback was presented through a green-to-red vertical slide bar on a screen in front of the participants. Linear mixed models evaluated the impact of feedback on FSA and propulsion, considering the sequence of feedback delivery, and potential learning or fatigue effects over the trials. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were performed to assess the effect of different feedback types. Linear mixed models revealed a main effect on FSA and propulsion by feedback on FSA and propulsion, respectively. FSA significantly increased from 16.6° in the initial regular walking trial to 24.0° during FSA feedback and 23.6° during combined FSA and propulsion feedback trials (p<0.001). Forward propulsion significantly improved by one third in the feedback on propulsion and combined feedback on both FSA and propulsion conditions compared to the first regular walking trial (p<0.001). The positive effect of real-time feedback on FSA and forward propulsion highlight the potential of using technology to tailor rehabilitation strategies in stroke survivors.