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A Causality-Aware Paradigm for Evaluating Creativity of Multimodal Large Language Models.

Zhongzhan Huang, Shanshan Zhong, Pan Zhou

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

|March 3, 2025

Summary

Evaluating the creativity of multimodal large language models (LLMs) is challenging. We introduce the Oogiri game and LoTbench framework for comprehensive creativity assessment, showing LLM creativity is improvable and linked to cognitive abilities.

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Area of Science:

Artificial Intelligence
Cognitive Science

Background:

Assessing creative capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is difficult due to subjectivity and data scarcity, especially in multimodal contexts.
Existing benchmarks primarily focus on logical reasoning, neglecting creative aspects crucial for AI development.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a comprehensive pipeline for evaluating the creativity of multimodal LLMs.
To introduce novel platforms and methodologies for assessing AI creativity beyond traditional metrics.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Oogiri game, a creativity-focused task involving humor and associative thinking, as an evaluation platform.
Proposed LoTbench, an interactive, causality-aware framework to quantify creativity and visualize thought processes, mitigating risks like information leakage.
Compared LoTbench results with traditional creativity metrics and the multimodal cognition benchmark MMMU.

Main Results:

Identified the Oogiri game as a suitable platform for multimodal LLM creativity evaluation.
LoTbench effectively quantifies LLM creativity and visualizes underlying cognitive processes.
Observed a performance gap between LLMs and humans, but found it not insurmountable.
Found a strong correlation between LoTbench and MMMU, suggesting alignment with human cognitive theories of creativity.

Conclusions:

Multimodal LLM creativity evaluation requires specialized platforms and frameworks like Oogiri and LoTbench.
LoTbench offers a more effective and interpretable method for assessing AI creativity, grounded in cognitive principles.
Cognition plays a vital role in early-stage creativity, enabling concept bridging and diverse idea generation in LLMs.