Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Storage01:23

Storage

64
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
64
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

79
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
79
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

54.6K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
54.6K
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon01:10

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

93
The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
93
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

4.4K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
4.4K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

617
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
617

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural and Functional Connectivity Predict the Effects of Direct Brain Stimulation on Memory.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A unifying account of replay as context-driven memory reactivation.

eLife·2026
Same author

Neural components underlying successful free recall are specific to episodic memory.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Multi-cohort analysis identifies a blood-based immune transcriptomic signature for early lung cancer detection.

NPJ precision oncology·2025
Same author

Study-phase reinstatement predicts subsequent recall.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Neural biomarkers of age-related memory change.

Psychology and aging·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Yao et al., "Estrogen Regulates Bcl-w and Bim Expression: Role in Protection against β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Neuronal Death".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Erratum: L'Episcopo et al., "Plasticity of Subventricular Zone Neuroprogenitors in MPTP (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine) Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Involves Cross Talk between Inflammatory and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways: Functional Consequences for Neuroprotection and Repair".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Representations of subsecond duration-based timing by complex spike synchrony in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The extended language network: Language-responsive brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Cortical and thalamic afferent connectomes distinguish ACC subregions of the macaque brain.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The synaptic vesicle priming protein Munc13 mediates evoked somatodendritic dopamine release.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

13.6K

Synchronous Theta Networks Characterize Successful Memory Retrieval.

Aditya M Rao1, Riley D DeHaan, Michael J Kahana

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|March 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-wide theta synchronization, particularly slow theta rhythms, is crucial for spontaneous episodic memory retrieval. This neural communication network involves key hubs in the prefrontal and temporal lobes.

Keywords:
EEGconnectivitymemoryretrievalsynchronytheta

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.6K
Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit
11:37

Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit

Published on: August 2, 2017

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

13.6K
Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.6K
Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit
11:37

Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit

Published on: August 2, 2017

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Episodic memory retrieval involves widespread brain activation, including the hippocampus, medial temporal lobe (MTL), and cortical regions.
  • The precise communication mechanisms organizing retrieval-specific processing across these brain areas remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of theta synchronization in spontaneous episodic memory retrieval.
  • To identify brain regions and network dynamics involved in organizing memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intracranial EEG data from 382 neurosurgical patients performing a free-recall task.
  • Examination of theta (3-8 Hz) phase synchrony patterns during spontaneous recall, deliberation, and incorrect recalls.

Main Results:

  • Synchronous theta networks spanning the brain were observed preceding spontaneous recall.
  • Key retrieval network hubs, including prefrontal and temporal lobe regions, systematically synchronized.
  • Increased slow theta (3 Hz) synchrony was prominent in recall versus deliberation, correlating positively with theta power.

Conclusions:

  • Diffuse, brain-wide theta synchronization, especially slow theta, is implicated in the neural mechanisms of episodic memory retrieval.
  • Theta synchrony facilitates communication within a distributed retrieval network involving prefrontal and temporal lobe hubs.