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Updated: May 24, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Precipitating Factors for Functional Cognitive Disorder.

Veronica Cabreira1, Laura McWhirter1, Jon Stone1

  • 1Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

European Journal of Neurology
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) often has an acute onset, triggered by events like COVID-19 or head injury. Understanding these triggers is key for effective treatment and prognosis in FCD patients.

Keywords:
COVID‐19brain injurycognitive disordersfunctional cognitive disorderfunctional neurological disordermigraineprecipitating factorslife event

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) mechanisms remain poorly understood, impeding diagnosis and personalized treatment.
  • Identifying precipitating factors for new-onset FCD is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe precipitating factors for new-onset FCD.
  • To explore differences between acute and gradual onset FCD groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 93 FCD patients from UK clinics (Sept 2023 - Mar 2024).
  • Included patients with ≥1 year symptom duration.
  • Extracted data on onset, precipitating factors, demographics, comorbidities, and symptom trajectory.

Main Results:

  • 48% of patients (45/93) had acute onset FCD.
  • Common acute triggers included COVID-19 (40%), head injury (36%), and migraine (36%).
  • Acute onset FCD patients were younger, experienced fluctuating symptoms, and reported more headache and fatigue.

Conclusions:

  • Functional cognitive disorder frequently presents with acute onset.
  • Circumstances surrounding FCD onset have treatment and prognostic significance.
  • Acute pathophysiological events can precipitate FCD, similar to other functional disorders.