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A Re-emerging Respiratory Virus: Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)

Baijayantimala Mishra1, Diksha Mohapatra1, Manisha Tripathy1

  • 1Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND.

Cureus
|March 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes respiratory infections globally in all age groups. This review details hMPV

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen affecting diverse populations worldwide.
  • hMPV is an enveloped virus with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome, contributing to its infectivity.
  • Global prevalence peaks during late winter and spring, with transmission via droplet and aerosol routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of human metapneumovirus (hMPV).
  • To consolidate current knowledge on hMPV's structure, genetics, epidemiology, and clinical impact.
  • To review diagnostic, treatment, and outbreak data for hMPV.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review article synthesizing existing research on hMPV.
  • Information was gathered from worldwide reports on hMPV structure, replication, and genotypes.
  • Epidemiological data, transmission dynamics, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • hMPV presents with symptoms ranging from upper to lower respiratory tract infections, including fever, cough, pneumonia, and croup.
  • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the preferred diagnostic method due to difficulties in viral culture.
  • The virus exhibits distinct genotypes and seasonal patterns, influencing its epidemiological spread.

Conclusions:

  • hMPV is a globally significant respiratory virus with varied clinical manifestations.
  • Effective diagnosis relies on molecular methods like RT-PCR.
  • Understanding hMPV's characteristics is crucial for managing respiratory infections and potential outbreaks.
Keywords:
epidemiologyhuman metapneumovirusoutbreakrespiratory tract infectionsvirus

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