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Thiamine Deficiency Masquerading As Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Karima Benameur1, Karen Clarke2
1Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Cureus
|March 4, 2025
Summary
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency can cause severe neurological issues like neuropathy and paralysis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing permanent damage and fatality.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is linked to serious neurological symptoms, including neuropathy, paralysis, and confusion.
- Common causes include alcohol use disorder and gastric bypass surgery, but it can occur in other conditions like hyperemesis gravidarum, diabetes, and malnutrition.
Observation:
- This case series details four patients experiencing acute neuropathy due to thiamine deficiency.
- Neurophysiological and electromyographical data supported the diagnosis.
Findings:
- Thiamine deficiency can manifest as acute to subacute lower extremity weakness or numbness.
- Diagnosis is often delayed or missed in patients without a history of alcohol use disorder.
Implications:
- Prompt recognition and treatment of thiamine deficiency are vital for favorable clinical outcomes.
- Clinicians should consider thiamine deficiency in all patients presenting with acute or subacute lower extremity neurological deficits.
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