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The Iowa Coding Scheme for Elderspeak: Development and Validation.

Clarissa A Shaw¹, Jean K Gordon², Caitlin Ward³

¹Division of Acute and Critical Care, University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

The Gerontologist

|March 4, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Iowa Coding for Elderspeak (ICodE) scheme reliably and validly documents elderspeak, a patronizing communication style. This standardized method improves research consistency in dementia care settings.

Keywords:

Communication Dyads Measurement Nursing Care Older Adults

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Communication Studies
Nursing

Background:

Elderspeak, characterized by babytalk-like communication, is prevalent in dementia care.
Standardized methods for documenting elderspeak are lacking, hindering research consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Iowa Coding for Elderspeak (ICodE) scheme.
To standardize the measurement and analysis of elderspeak in research.

Main Methods:

The ICodE scheme categorizes nursing staff interactions into 5 states, capturing speaker, addressee, manner, vocabulary, and prosody.
Reliability (intra-rater and inter-rater) and convergent validity were assessed.
Convergent validity was tested against older adults' emotional tone ratings and rejection of care observations.

Main Results:

Excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were achieved for all communication states.
Convergent validity was established for 10 of 11 elderspeak attributes with emotional tone ratings.
Convergent validity was established for 8 attributes with rejection of care, indicating negative perceptions by individuals with dementia.

Conclusions:

The ICodE scheme is an evidence-based tool for reliably and validly documenting elderspeak.
This scheme will promote uniformity and enhance future research on elderspeak in care settings.