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Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Negative Schizotypy Associated With Weaker Intersubject Correlation in Dynamic Functional Connectivity During

Ding-Ding Hu1,2, Xiao-Dong Guo1,2, Simon S Y Lui3

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Individuals with negative schizotypy show altered brain connectivity during empathy tasks. This suggests potential neural mechanisms underlying social cognition deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Keywords:
empathymediation effectneural synchronizationperceptual aberrationsocial anhedonia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Previous studies linked schizophrenia to altered brain activity during the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT).
  • It is unclear if schizotypy, a schizophrenia-related trait, shows similar brain activation changes during EAT.
  • This study investigates the relationship between schizotypy and brain activation patterns during EAT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between schizotypy and intersubject correlation (ISC) of brain activation during EAT.
  • To explore how negative and positive schizotypy relate to neural mechanisms of empathy.
  • To identify potential neural markers for social cognition impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-seven college students completed the EAT within a 3T MRI scanner.
  • Chapman Social Anhedonia Scale (CSAS) and Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) measured negative and positive schizotypy.
  • Analyzed brain activation using GLM, ISC, and dynamic functional connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Brain regions like the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and precuneus correlated with empathic accuracy.
  • Strong intersubject correlation (ISC) of brain activation was observed in bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG).
  • Negative schizotypy was linked to reduced ISC in the precentral gyrus and altered STG-ACC connectivity, mediating affective empathy.

Conclusions:

  • Weaker intersubject synchronization in the precentral gyrus and STG-ACC connectivity relate to negative schizotypy.
  • These findings suggest potential neural mechanisms for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
  • Highlights the role of neural synchrony and connectivity in empathy and schizotypy.