Molecules-mediated bidirectional interactions between microbes and human cells.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Human Physiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Microbe-human interactions are vital for health and disease defense.
• Previous research focused on single-direction communication, overlooking bidirectional molecular exchange.
• A systematic framework is needed to understand these complex interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a framework for Molecules-mediated Bidirectional Interactions (MBI) between microbes and humans.
• To systematically review and understand the intricate bidirectional communication.
• To explore the role of these interactions in maintaining human health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review organized by a simplified timeline.
• Summarization of microbe-derived molecules (e.g., SCFAs, bile acids, tryptophan catabolites, QS molecules) and their human receptors.
• Review of human-derived molecules (e.g., hormones, cytokines, metabolites) and their effects on microbes.

Main Results:

• Identification of key molecules involved in microbe-to-human signaling.
• Identification of key molecules involved in human-to-microbe signaling.
• Established a comprehensive overview of bidirectional molecular crosstalk.

Conclusions:

• The MBI framework provides a systematic approach to understanding microbe-human molecular dialogue.
• Deciphering these interactions offers potential applications for safeguarding human health.
• Future research should focus on developing and applying MBI understanding.