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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Cerebellar microstructural abnormalities in patients with somatic symptom disorders.

Wenshuang Tang1, Chao Zhang2,3, Yapeng Qi1

  • 1School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.

BMC Psychiatry
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) patients show altered cerebellar microstructure, with increased neurite density and diffusion restriction. These brain changes correlate with depression and anxiety symptoms, suggesting adaptive responses to chronic stress.

Keywords:
CerebellumDiffusion tensor imagingMicrostructureSomatic symptom disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is associated with health anxiety and physical symptoms.
  • The cerebellum's role in mental health, including SSD, is increasingly recognized.
  • Cerebellar microstructural changes in SSD remain underexplored using diffusion MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cerebellar microstructural differences in Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To utilize advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) techniques to analyze cerebellar white and gray matter.
  • To correlate observed microstructural changes with clinical symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 30 SSD patients and 30 healthy controls.
  • Diagnosis of SSD based on DSM-5 criteria, excluding major psychiatric comorbidities.
  • Diffusion MRI (30 directions, b=1000/2000 s/mm²) and T1-weighted imaging on a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner.
  • Analysis using free water-eliminated diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).

Main Results:

  • SSD patients exhibited significant white matter alterations: increased free water-eliminated fractional anisotropy and neurite density index; decreased free water-eliminated mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity.
  • Significant microstructural variations were observed across 26 cerebellar gray matter subregions.
  • Specific cerebellar regions (Vermis X, left lobule VIIb) showed correlations between microstructural changes and depression/anxiety scores.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebellar microstructural changes in SSD patients indicate greater neurite density and enhanced diffusion restriction.
  • These findings may represent adaptive neurobiological changes in response to chronic stress in SSD.
  • The cerebellum is implicated in the pathophysiology of Somatic Symptom Disorder.