3D-Printed Electrode Fabrication for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES): Prototyping Concentric Electrodes

Presently manufacturing processes for 3D-printed electrodes require advanced fabrication techniques and time. In this study, we present a novel approach to manufacturing flexible and substrate-reusable electrodes through a streamlined 3D printing process. Here we demonstrate the technique for prototyping new shapes for FES research applications. This approach involves three key steps: Design, FEM modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics, and the actual manufacturing process. During the design phase, the electrode's geometry is established. Subsequently, FEM modeling is performed to simulate and analyze the stationary electric field produced by the electrode within the body. The manufacturing step employs 3D CAD software, flexible resin and conductive paint for medical purposes. This method simplifies the manufacturing process for prototyping and allows the creation of custom shaped electrodes, enabling the exploration of novel FES techniques that are based on electrode geometry.