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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Computational Biology

    Background:

    • Pressure-Volume (PV) loops are standard for left ventricular assessment.
    • The PV relationship within the systemic arterial system (SAS) is not well understood.
    • Understanding SAS PV dynamics is crucial for cardiovascular health assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the dynamic behavior of SAS PV-loops.
    • To investigate the impact of the distributed nature of the SAS.
    • To assess the influence of vascular smooth muscle tone (VSMT) on SAS PV-loops.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a One-dimensional (1D) computational model of arterial vasculature for SAS PV-loop assessment.
    • Compared results with a generalized Windkessel model.
    • Incorporated increased arterial wall viscosity to simulate VSMT augmentation.

    Main Results:

    • The 1D model demonstrated consistent behavior with the Windkessel model, validating its ability to reveal SAS PV-loop morphology.
    • Increased VSMT significantly influenced the enclosed area of the SAS PV-loop.
    • Elevated VSMT correlated with increased aortic pulse wave velocity.

    Conclusions:

    • The 1D human vascular model effectively assesses SAS PV-loops and their dynamic nature.
    • VSMT plays a critical role in modulating SAS PV-loop characteristics and energy dissipation.
    • This approach provides insights into the relationship between SAS mechanics and energy dynamics.