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Enhancing physical activity through a relational artificial intelligence chatbot: A feasibility and usability study.

Yoo Jung Oh¹, Kai-Hui Liang², Diane Dagyong Kim³

¹Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

|March 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A pilot study found that a relational artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot intervention effectively maintained physical activity levels over one week, unlike a non-relational AI chatbot.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence chatbot human–AI communication mobile intervention physical activity

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Area of Science:

Digital Health
Behavioral Science
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Mobile app-based interventions are increasingly used for behavior change.
The role of relational capacity in AI chatbots for health interventions is under-explored.
Physical activity is crucial for public health, yet adherence remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the usability, feasibility, and initial efficacy of a mobile app-based relational AI chatbot (Exerbot) for increasing physical activity.
To compare a relational AI chatbot with a baseline non-relational AI chatbot in a randomized controlled trial.

Main Methods:

A 1-week pilot randomized controlled trial involving 36 participants.
Participants were assigned to interact with either a relational AI chatbot or a control (non-relational) AI chatbot.
Physical activity was objectively measured using smartphone pedometers.

Main Results:

The study demonstrated feasibility with high enrollment (36 participants) and retention (94%).
Daily engagement with the AI chatbot exceeded 88% across both groups.
Participants using the relational AI chatbot maintained step counts, while the control group showed a decrease; stronger social bonds were reported with the relational chatbot.

Conclusions:

Relational AI chatbots show promise for cost-effective, accessible, and sustainable behavior change interventions.
This AI-driven approach may offer benefits for individuals with limited access to traditional interventions.
Further research into AI's relationship-building capabilities for health behaviors is warranted.