Lead-Based Hybrid Perovskites with Integrated Enthalpy, Dielectric, and Second-Order Nonlinear Switching

Integrated multichannel response switches, characterized by their simple and compact structure, have a wide range of applications in the fields of smart switches, temperature sensors, and communication devices. Starting from N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine, this paper reports on three new perovskite materials by introducing the groups -OH and -OMe through chemical design. All three materials, namely, (DMIPA)PbBr₃, (DMIPA-OH)PbBr₃, and (DMIPA-OMe)PbBr₃, possess both enthalpic and dielectric switching characteristics, with (DMIPA)PbBr₃ and (DMIPA-OH)PbBr₃ also exhibiting second-harmonic-generation switching effects, achieving three-channel responses. Moreover, crystal structure analyses have revealed that the phase transitions are caused by the ordered-disordered motion of the cations. In addition, this study has explored the intrinsic semiconductor properties of the perovskite structures, with the optical band gaps of the three materials being 3.305 eV for (DMIPA)PbBr₃, 3.233 eV for (DMIPA-OH)PbBr₃, and 3.179 eV for (DMIPA-OMe)PbBr₃. It is believed that this work will provide reference for the design and synthesis of new integrated multichannel response switches.