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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Pressure-induced charge amorphisation in BiNiO3.

Wei-Tin Chen1,2,3, Takumi Nishikubo4,5, Yuki Sakai4,5,6

  • 1Center for Condensed Matter Sciences (CCMS), National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Nature Communications
|March 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed pressure-induced charge amorphization in crystalline BiNiO3, where electron order transforms into a glassy state. This phenomenon, analogous to material amorphization, offers new insights into charge states and amorphization studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Electron order/disorder dictates material properties, mirroring states of matter.
  • Charge ordered (CO) insulating states in mixed valence materials transition to metallic phases upon heating.
  • Examples include Verwey transition in Fe3O4, colossal magnetoresistance in manganites, and superconductivity in BaBiO3.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the observation of pressure-induced charge amorphization in a crystalline material.
  • To investigate the behavior of BiNiO3 under varying pressure and temperature conditions.
  • To provide fundamental insights into amorphization processes using charge states.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure experiments on BiNiO3.
  • Structural and charge state analysis under pressure.
  • Temperature-dependent measurements to observe phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • BiNiO3 exhibits a charge distribution of Bi3+0.5Bi5+0.5Ni2+O3 with ordered Bi states at ambient pressure.
  • At 4-5 GPa and below 200 K, BiNiO3 enters a charge glassy, insulating phase, despite maintaining a crystalline structure.
  • Metallization occurs above 6 GPa, indicating a transition from the charge glassy state.

Conclusions:

  • BiNiO3 demonstrates pressure-induced charge amorphization, analogous to atomic amorphization.
  • The study highlights accessible melting of the charge glassy state under specific pressure/temperature conditions.
  • This provides a novel system for studying amorphization phenomena through charge states.