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Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

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Eectrical grid linked to PV/wind system based fuzzy controller and PID controller tuned by PSO for improving LVRT.

Noura G El Sayed¹, Ali M Yousef¹, Gaber El-Saady¹

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.

Scientific Reports

|March 5, 2025

Summary

This study enhances electrical grid stability during faults using a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) for STATCOM significantly improves low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capabilities compared to PID control.

Keywords:

Fuzzy logic control (FLC)Hybrid system Low voltage ride through (LVRT)Photovoltaic (PV)Power quality Praticle swarm optmization (PSO)Proportional—integral—derivative (PID) control Static synchronous compensators (STATCOM)Wind energy

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Power Systems
Renewable Energy Integration

Background:

Grid-connected renewable energy sources like wind and solar farms require robust low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capabilities.
Grid faults, such as line-to-line (LL) faults, can severely impact grid stability and voltage levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effectiveness of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) in enhancing the LVRT of a hybrid power system.
To compare the performance of STATCOM controlled by Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) against Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control during grid faults.

Main Methods:

A hybrid energy model with wind and PV generation was simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
A 100 MVAR STATCOM was connected at the point of common coupling (PCC).
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to tune the PID controller parameters for comparison.

Main Results:

STATCOM with FLC demonstrated superior performance in improving LVRT compared to STATCOM with PID control.
The FLC-controlled STATCOM effectively mitigated voltage dips and improved power quality during LL grid faults.
The hybrid system with FLC-based STATCOM showed enhanced stability and resilience.

Conclusions:

STATCOM, particularly when controlled by FLC, is a highly effective solution for improving LVRT in grids with significant renewable energy penetration.
FLC offers a more robust and adaptive control strategy for STATCOMs compared to traditional PID control in mitigating grid fault impacts.
The proposed FLC-based STATCOM system provides a reliable method for maintaining grid stability and power quality during disturbances.