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Related Experiment Videos

Isokinetic testing of shoulder strength: normal values.

F M Ivey, J H Calhoun, K Rusche

    Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
    |June 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study on shoulder isokinetic testing found no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant shoulders. However, internal rotation, extension, and adduction were consistently stronger than their counterparts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Understanding shoulder muscle strength is crucial for diagnosing injuries and optimizing athletic performance.
    • Isokinetic testing provides objective measures of muscle strength and endurance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare isokinetic shoulder strength between dominant and non-dominant limbs in healthy adults.
    • To determine the relative strength of different shoulder muscle actions (rotation, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction).

    Main Methods:

    • Isokinetic dynamometry was used to assess shoulder muscle strength in 31 healthy volunteers.
    • Testing was performed at fast and slow angular velocities.
    • Comparisons were made between dominant and non-dominant shoulders, and between different muscle actions.

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    Main Results:

    • No statistically significant strength difference was observed between dominant and non-dominant shoulders, despite a trend for greater dominant shoulder strength.
    • Internal rotation was stronger than external rotation (3:2 ratio).
    • Extension was stronger than flexion (5:4 ratio), and adduction was stronger than abduction (2:1 ratio) at both speeds.
    • Overall strength ranking: adduction > extension > flexion > abduction > internal rotation > external rotation.
    • Males exhibited greater strength than females, with the difference diminishing when normalized for lean body mass and exercise habits.

    Conclusions:

    • While dominant shoulders may show a trend towards greater strength, isokinetic testing reveals no significant difference in healthy individuals.
    • Specific shoulder muscle groups demonstrate consistent strength hierarchies, irrespective of limb dominance or testing speed.
    • Gender influences shoulder strength, but this effect is moderated by physiological and lifestyle factors.