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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Riboflavin and phosphocholine are physiological molecules with known roles in cellular processes.
  • Lysozyme is an enzyme found in various biological contexts, including immune responses.
  • Cancer cells exhibit altered expression of molecules like phosphocholine and lysozyme.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel photopolymerizing system involving riboflavin, phosphocholine, and light (RPL).
  • To determine the effects of the RPL system on protein photopolymerization, specifically lysozyme (LYZ).
  • To evaluate the impact of RPL treatment on cancer cell viability, morphology, and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro photopolymerization of lysozyme using the riboflavin-phosphocholine-light system.
  • Treatment of 2D and 3D cancer cell cultures and nontumoral cells with the RPL system.
  • Generation of riboflavin-phosphocholine hydrogels (RPHy and RPHy-LYZ) via light-emitting diode exposure.
  • Assessment of cell viability, morphology, aggregation, and differentiation post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • The RPL system successfully induced lysozyme photopolymerization in vitro.
  • RPL treatment affected cancer cell viability and induced morphological changes and aggregation, dependent on LYZ presence.
  • Cancer cell-cell interfaces with phosphocholine and LYZ showed vulnerability to RPL treatment.
  • RPHy hydrogels promoted osteoblast-like transdifferentiation of cancer cells, while RPHy-LYZ induced cell death.

Conclusions:

  • The RPL system demonstrates significant effects on cancer cell fate through lysozyme photopolymerization.
  • Phosphocholine and lysozyme expression at cancer cell interfaces create a targetable vulnerability for photodynamic therapy.
  • Generated hydrogels show potential for modulating cancer cell behavior, including transdifferentiation and cell death.
  • This research opens avenues for selective cancer therapies utilizing physiological molecules and light activation.