Bronchoscopic valve therapy for tuberculosis: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Infectious Diseases
• Medical Devices

Background:

• Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) management is challenging, especially with TB-HIV co-infection.
• Traditional surgical methods for TB are largely replaced by antibiotics.
• Endobronchial interventions, like valves, are emerging as potential adjunctive therapies for MDR-TB.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the feasibility of using endobronchial valves for tubercular cavity closure.
• To assess the impact of endobronchial valves on clinical outcomes and sputum smear conversion in MDR-TB patients.

Main Methods:

• A literature search was conducted on PubMed from inception to September 2024.
• Review of small studies investigating endobronchial valve use for TB cavity closure.

Main Results:

• Small studies indicate that endobronchial valves can feasibly close tubercular cavities.
• Valve use demonstrated improved clinical outcomes and sputum smear conversion in reviewed studies.

Conclusions:

• Endobronchial valves show potential for treating MDR-TB by facilitating cavity closure.
• Limited access to approved valves and funding impede large-scale trials.
• International collaboration and innovation are crucial for further research and development of cost-effective devices for MDR-TB patients, particularly in low-income settings.