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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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A study of dynamic functional connectivity changes in flight trainees based on a triple network model.

Lu Ye1, Liya Ba1, Dongfeng Yan2

  • 1¹Institute of Flight Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, 618307, China.

Scientific Reports
|March 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Flight trainees show enhanced brain network connectivity, particularly between the Central Executive Network and Default Mode Network. This improved brain function correlates with better cognitive performance in demanding tasks.

Keywords:
Dynamic functional network connectivityFlight traineesIndependent component analysisResting-state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • The Central Executive Network (CEN), Default Mode Network (DMN), and Salience Network (SN) are crucial for cognitive functions.
  • Understanding the dynamic functional connectivity (dFNC) of these networks is vital for evaluating cognitive performance in high-stress professions.
  • Flight training imposes significant cognitive demands, necessitating an investigation into its neural underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time-varying functional connectivity of the CEN, DMN, and SN in flight trainees during a resting state.
  • To explore the relationship between dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) metrics and cognitive performance in flight trainees.
  • To compare the dFNC patterns of flight trainees with healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state fMRI data from 39 flight trainees and 37 controls.
  • Applied independent component analysis (ICA), sliding window, and K-means clustering for dFNC analysis.
  • Correlated dFNC metrics with behavioral outcomes from tests like the Berg Card Sorting Test (BCST) and Change Detection Test.

Main Results:

  • Flight trainees exhibited significantly enhanced functional connectivity between the CEN and DMN in a specific state (state 2).
  • Trainees spent less time in state 5 but showed prolonged dwell time and fractional windows in state 2.
  • These dFNC metrics in state 2 significantly correlated with improved accuracy on the BCST and Change Detection Test.

Conclusions:

  • Rigorous flight training enhances CEN-DMN connectivity stability, potentially improving decision-making, memory, and information integration.
  • Flight trainees demonstrate superior visual processing and cognitive flexibility, particularly relevant for multitasking in high-demand environments.
  • dFNC research offers valuable insights into the brain mechanisms supporting cognitive capabilities in high-stress occupations like piloting.