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Cellulose Nanocrystals and Rice Husk Surface Functionalization Induced by Infrared Thermal Activation.

Rosarita D'Orsi1,2, Chiara Danielli3, Mariachiara Spennato3

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.

Chemsuschem
|March 7, 2025
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Summary

Infrared thermal activation (IRTA) efficiently functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and rice husk without solvents. This sustainable method enhances hydrophobicity for bio-based materials, crucial for the coating industry.

Keywords:
Cellulose nanocrystalshydrophobizationinfrared thermal activationnuclear magnetic resonanceorganic synthesisrice husksolvent-less functionalization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry
  • Biomass Valorization

Background:

  • Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and lignocellulosic biomass offer sustainable alternatives for material development.
  • Surface functionalization is key to enhancing the properties of bio-based materials for industrial applications.
  • Solvent-based methods for CNC modification can be environmentally burdensome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first application of infrared thermal activation (IRTA) for solvent-less surface functionalization of CNCs.
  • To enhance the hydrophobicity of CNCs and delignified rice husk (d-RH) using epoxidized linoleic acid (ELA).
  • To explore a sustainable and efficient method for modifying bio-based materials for potential use in the coating industry.

Main Methods:

  • Enzymatic synthesis of ELA using lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) and H2O2.
  • Solvent-less surface functionalization of CNCs and d-RH with ELA via IRTA.
  • Comprehensive material characterization using solid-state and liquid-state NMR, ATR-FTIR, FE-SEM, and XRD.
  • Water contact angle measurements to assess surface hydrophobicity.

Main Results:

  • Successful surface functionalization of CNCs achieved with a degree of substitution of 0.09.
  • IRTA method demonstrated effectiveness on both CNCs and delignified rice husk (d-RH).
  • Significant increase in surface hydrophobicity confirmed by water contact angle measurements (CNCs: ~40°, d-RH: ~60°).

Conclusions:

  • IRTA provides an efficient and sustainable solvent-less approach for modifying cellulose-based materials.
  • The functionalized CNCs and d-RH exhibit enhanced hydrophobic properties, suitable for coating applications.
  • This method holds potential for industrial-scale modification of lignocellulosic biomass and bio-based materials.