Blue plaque review series: Mabel Purefoy FitzGerald (1872-1973)

Area of Science:

• Physiology
• Altitude Medicine
• History of Science

Background:

• Mabel Purefoy FitzGerald's pioneering work in high-altitude physiology.
• Her struggles as a woman in medicine at the turn of the 20th century.
• Her recognition by the University of Oxford as the first centenarian honorary degree recipient.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight FitzGerald's significant contributions to understanding human adaptation to high altitude.
• To bring to light her previously overlooked research on hypoxia.
• To document her resilience and achievements in a challenging era for women in science.

Main Methods:

• Field research in Colorado mining communities in 1911.
• Observation of physiological responses to high altitude.
• Analysis of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin levels in residents.

Main Results:

• Identified lowered CO2 and elevated hemoglobin in high-altitude residents.
• These findings provided early evidence for a hypoxia-sensing mechanism.
• FitzGerald's data remain relevant to understanding respiratory and circulatory adaptations.

Conclusions:

• FitzGerald's research laid groundwork for understanding physiological responses to hypoxia.
• Her life exemplifies perseverance and dedication in scientific pursuit.
• Her legacy is being rediscovered, highlighting her importance in physiology and medical history.