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Optic nerve head changes in esotropia.

Christiane Al-Haddad1, Andre Slim1, Zahi Wehbi1

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Summary

Esotropic eyes show smaller optic nerve head cup volumes and cup:disk ratios compared to normal eyes, even after accounting for refractive error and axial length. This finding highlights distinct optic disk morphology in esotropia.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Esotropia is a common form of strabismus characterized by inward turning of the eyes.
  • Optic disk morphology can provide insights into ocular health and disease.
  • Understanding differences in optic disk morphology in esotropia may aid in diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare optic disk morphology between eyes with esotropia and normal control eyes.
  • To investigate potential differences in optic nerve head parameters, including cup:disk ratio and cup volume.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, comparative study involving 174 participants (83 with esotropia, 91 controls).
  • Optic nerve heads and axial length were assessed using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and IOL Master.
  • Participants were age- and sex-matched.

Main Results:

  • Esotropic eyes had significantly smaller cup:disk ratios (0.29 vs 0.36 OD, 0.28 vs 0.35 OS) and cup volumes (0.06 vs 0.09 mm³ OD, 0.05 vs 0.10 mm³ OS) compared to controls.
  • These differences remained significant after adjusting for hyperopia and axial length.
  • Mean spherical equivalent was significantly higher in the esotropia group.

Conclusions:

  • Optic nerve head cup volume and cup:disk ratio are significantly smaller in individuals with esotropia.
  • These findings are independent of refractive error and axial length.
  • This suggests a distinct optic disk morphology associated with esotropia.