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Thermo-responsive jamming by particle shape change.

Jiawei Han1, Peng Wang1, Yu Guo2,3

  • 1Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.

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|March 7, 2025
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Researchers demonstrate a novel granular material phase transition using temperature-controlled shape change in shape memory alloy (SMA) rods. This thermo-induced jamming enables robust, tunable gripping mechanisms for smart devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics of granular materials
  • Materials science
  • Soft robotics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit jamming and unjamming transitions controlled by packing density.
  • Shape memory alloys (SMAs) can alter their shape in response to temperature changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temperature-controlled phase transitions in granular materials.
  • To explore the use of shape memory alloys for tunable granular jamming.
  • To develop a smart clamping device based on thermo-responsive granular jamming.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments with confined, randomly-packed rod-like shape memory alloy particles.
  • Utilizing temperature changes to induce particle shape recovery and jamming.
  • Numerical simulations employing the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to elucidate physical processes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a granular phase transition from unjammed to jammed states via temperature-induced particle shape change at constant packing density.
  • Engineered a smart clamp utilizing thermo-induced jamming and unjamming of SMA granular material.
  • The clamp exhibited robust performance under cyclic temperature changes, with load-bearing capacity exceeding SMA weight by up to 800-fold.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-controlled shape change in granular materials offers an alternative pathway to induce jamming/unjamming transitions.
  • Shape memory alloy granular materials can be leveraged to create functional devices with tunable gripping capabilities.
  • This work introduces a new paradigm for smart devices based on thermo-responsive jamming.