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Self-referencing surface plasmon sensor for resolution enhancement.

Reza Kohandani1, Simarjeet Saini2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.

Scientific Reports
|March 7, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel self-referencing surface plasmon resonance sensor. The sensor achieves high sensitivity and improved resolution by isolating a self-referencing mode, enhancing plasmonic sensor performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are crucial for detecting refractive index changes.
  • Environmental variations like temperature can affect SPR sensor accuracy.
  • Sub-wavelength gratings offer unique optical properties for sensor design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a self-referencing evanescent field sensor based on surface plasmon resonances.
  • To optimize the sensor for detecting changes in refractive index, particularly for water-like materials.
  • To enhance sensor resolution by incorporating a self-referencing capability.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of sub-wavelength two-dimensional gold gratings.
  • Optimization of sensor design through experimental fabrication and measurement of multiple variations.
  • Utilizing a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) dominant mode for sensitivity.
  • Implementing a dedicated self-referencing mode isolated from the environment.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high experimental sensitivity of 435 nm/RIU using the LSPR mode.
  • Successfully isolated the self-referencing mode within a refractive index range of 1.34 to 1.39.
  • Demonstrated a 3.6-fold improvement in sensor resolution by integrating the self-referencing mode.

Conclusions:

  • The developed self-referencing SPR sensor effectively detects refractive index changes.
  • The self-referencing mode provides a mechanism for error correction, particularly against temperature variations.
  • This approach significantly enhances the resolution of plasmonic sensors in variable environments.