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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

634
Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Daily Heart Rate Variability in Dogs With Atrial Fibrillation.

Joao Escalda1, Brigite Pedro2,3,4,5, Jose Novo Matos1

  • 1The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|March 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Daily heart rate variability in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) is minimal. A single 24-hour Holter recording is sufficient for assessing rate control in these canine patients.

Keywords:
antiarrhythmic therapyelectrocardiographyholterrate controlventricular arrhythmias

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Cardiology
  • Canine Electrophysiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Daily heart rate variability in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) is not well-established.
  • This variability could impact clinical decision-making regarding treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the day-to-day consistency of mean heart rate (meanHRHolter) in dogs with AF receiving AAD.
  • To assess the variability of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) between consecutive 24-hour Holter recordings.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, descriptive, multicenter study involving 25 dogs with AF.
  • Two consecutive 24-hour Holter recordings were analyzed to compare meanHRHolter and VAs.
  • Bland-Altman analysis and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess agreement.

Main Results:

  • A very small bias and high ICC (0.98) indicated excellent agreement for meanHRHolter between recordings.
  • No statistically significant difference was found in meanHRHolter between consecutive 24-hour periods.
  • Only 8% of dogs showed clinically significant variation in meanHRHolter, and 4% had differing rate control classifications.

Conclusions:

  • Daily heart rate variability in dogs with AF on AAD is low, supporting the adequacy of a single 24-hour Holter recording for rate control assessment.
  • However, daily variability in ventricular arrhythmias warrants consideration when evaluating this parameter in dogs with concurrent AF.