Puberty and ADHD: A scoping review and framework for future research

Individuals with ADHD may experience puberty differently from their peers, which has implications for their health and wellbeing. This scoping review characterised and summarised literature reporting quantitative analyses of puberty and ADHD. To identify studies, nine databases (MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, Embase, PsycInfo, ERIC, CENTRAL, PsycExtra, WHO ICTRP, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses) were searched using key terms related to puberty/pubertal hormones and ADHD/ADHD traits. From 2795 initial records, 89 studies were eligible. Relevant analyses in included studies were categorised under five topics: 1) pubertal group comparisons between participants with ADHD and control participants; 2) associations between puberty and ADHD; 3) prevalence of ADHD in atypical puberty conditions; 4) ADHD medication effects on puberty; and 5) puberty and co-occurring psychological conditions. With some exceptions, summarised findings for each topic were generally inconsistent, indicating further well-planned primary studies are needed. A framework for future research is provided, recommending methodological improvements, including use of approaches that capture the complexities of puberty and ADHD, more inclusive sampling, and employing theories/models that recognise dynamics between puberty, psychological, social, and other biological factors. Additionally, it is recommended that research priorities in this area are identified in collaboration with key stakeholders, especially the ADHD community.