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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
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Trends in spinal implant utilization and pricing.

Gabrielle Lucia Dykhouse1, Rachel A Bratescu2, Osama N Kashlan2

  • 1Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.

Journal of Craniovertebral Junction & Spine
|March 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Spine surgery volume in the U.S. increased significantly from 2013 to 2022, with a notable rise in elderly patients undergoing lumbar and cervical fusions. Metal interbody devices are now preferred over PEEK and allograft.

Keywords:
Cervical fusionimplant pricinglumbar fusionosteobiologics

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spine Surgery Trends
  • Medical Device Utilization

Background:

  • Spine surgery volume in the U.S. has escalated, driven by advancements in physiology and technology.
  • Implant development has influenced shifts in spinal implant usage over recent decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in spinal implant utilization in the U.S. from 2013 to 2022.
  • To identify changes in the types and materials of spinal implants used.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from Orthopedic Network News on spine implant utilization and pricing (2013-2022).
  • Analyzed 664,310 spine procedure purchase orders, adjusting prices for inflation.
  • Employed linear regression to analyze trends in implant usage and cost.

Main Results:

  • Spine procedure volume increased from ~800,000 (2013) to over 1.1 million (2022), primarily lumbar/cervical fusions.
  • Proportion of procedures in patients >64 years old significantly increased (50% lumbar, 37% cervical).
  • Lumbar pedicle screw (PS) prices decreased, while metal interbody device usage significantly increased, replacing PEEK and allograft.

Conclusions:

  • Nationwide spine procedure volume rose significantly, dominated by lumbar and cervical fusions.
  • Pedicle screw constructs with interbody fusion devices remain the most common lumbar fusion treatment.
  • Metal interbody devices have become the preferred material, supplanting PEEK and allograft.