Critical Evaluation of Combined Cu and Fe₃O₄ Nanodots with Gum Arabic Nano-Hybrids Using in-vitro Model: Flow...

Previous studies on synthesis and cytotoxicity effect of copper (Cu) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanodots against kidney and lung cancer cells Lines.

Investigation of the effects of Cu and Fe₃O₄ nanodots on the reduction in viability of lung cancer (A549) and human embryonic kidney (HEK239T) cells lines.

Cu and Fe₃O₄ nanodots/Gum Arabic (GA) hybrids were chemically synthesized, characterized, and assessed by MTT and flow cytometry for their cytotoxicity against A549 and HEK239T cells lines.

Novel hybrids of Cu and Fe₃O₄ nanodots were effectively synthesized by chemical deposition method in combination with GA stabilizing agent. The stabilized Cu and Fe₃O₄ nanodots by GA have median particle size of 4.7 nm and 7 nm respectively. Furthermore, the biological activities of Cu nanodots/ GA hybrids showed a strong reduction in viability for both A549 and HEK239T cells at 50 and 100 ng/µL, owing to their small size and high surface-area-to-volume ratio compared to Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Pre-apoptosis effect of the Cu nanodots/ GA hybrid on the treated A549 cells were 40% for 0.1 ng/µL, 91.4% for 1 ng/µL, 88% for 50 ng/ µL, and 87.7% for 100 ng/µL. However, in the treated human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, the pre-apoptosis was found under different concentrations conditions of 89.9% for 0.1 ng/µL, 94.2% for 1 ng/µL, 76.2% for 50 ng/µL and 70.5% for 100 ng/µL. After treatment of both A549 and HEK293T cells with 100 ng/µL of Cu nanodots/GA hybrid, many cell deaths and reformed nanoparticles crystals were observed.

Cu nanodots/GA hybrid strongly reduce the viability of both A549 and HEK239T cells at 50 and 100 ng/µL. However, Fe₃O₄ nanodots/GA hybrid did not show any significant effect.