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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Comparative Insights into Bone Substitutes for Two-Stage Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation: A Bayesian Network

Jiayi Chen1

  • 1Department of Stomatology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.

Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods
|March 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Allograft and Xenograft (AG + X) showed the highest bone formation in two-stage maxillary sinus floor elevation (TMSFE). Combinations of Xenograft (X) with other materials offer superior osteogenic effects for atrophic posterior maxilla.

Keywords:
bayes theorembone substitutesdental implantsosteogenesisregenerative medicinesinus floor augmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

  • Atrophic posterior maxilla presents challenges for dental implant placement.
  • Two-stage maxillary sinus floor elevation (TMSFE) is a common augmentation technique.
  • The selection of optimal bone substitutes is crucial for successful bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the histomorphometric performance of various bone substitutes in TMSFE.
  • To rank biomaterials based on new bone formation and residual graft material.
  • To identify the most effective biomaterials for treating atrophic posterior maxilla.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) up to August 8, 2023.
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials with 5-8 month follow-up assessing histological performance.
  • Bayesian network meta-analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo in R language for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Allograft + Xenograft (AG + X) demonstrated the highest probability (87.14%) for bone formation.
  • Xenograft (X) combined with other materials showed superior osteogenic effects.
  • Biphasic calcium phosphate + Fibrin sealant (BCP + FS) was the slowest absorbing biomaterial (78.27%).

Conclusions:

  • AG + X may be the optimal biomaterial for bone formation in TMSFE.
  • Combinations involving Xenograft (X) offer significant osteogenic benefits.
  • Biphasic calcium phosphate + Fibrin sealant (BCP + FS) shows good short-term mechanical stability.