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Fast reasoning and metacognition
Valerie A Thompson1, Henry Markovits2
1Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada. valerie.thompson@usask.ca.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|March 10, 2025
Summary
Feeling of Rightness (FOR) predicts how people change answers in reasoning tasks. Low FORs led to logic-based shifts, while high FORs led to belief-based shifts in thinking.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Human Reasoning
- Decision Making
Background:
- Feeling of Rightness (FOR) indicates analytic thinking in response to intuitive judgments.
- Prior studies show FOR predicts thinking time and answer change probability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test if FOR predicts the direction of answer changes in sequential reasoning.
- Investigate how FOR influences shifts between belief-based and logic-based responses.
Main Methods:
- 289 participants completed belief-logic conflict syllogisms under time constraints and then without.
- Responses were analyzed for shifts towards belief-based or validity-based reasoning.
Main Results:
- Low FORs for belief-based answers predicted shifts towards validity-based reasoning.
- High FORs for belief-based answers predicted shifts towards belief-based reasoning.
- FOR successfully predicted both the probability and direction of response changes.
Conclusions:
- Intuitive Feeling of Rightness signals the direction of cognitive shifts in reasoning.
- FOR is a key metacognitive indicator of how individuals adjust their judgments.
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