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Kinship Structures for Left Behind Older Adults in High Outmigration Contexts: Evidence From Puerto Rico.

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Older adults in Puerto Rico have fewer local family members due to migration, with a significant increase in transnational kin. Future public health strategies must address the needs of these transnational families.

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Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Gerontology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Migration significantly impacts population aging, particularly in high-outmigration regions.
  • Older adults remaining in these areas face challenges like diminished support networks and increased caregiving demands.
  • Previous research has not fully quantified the effect of migration on the kinship structures of older adults in such contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the kinship structures of older adults residing in Puerto Rico.
  • To determine the prevalence of migrant kin among older adults in Puerto Rico.
  • To analyze the impact of transnational migration on family relationships for the elderly population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the United Nations World Population Prospects (1950-2021).
  • Developed a 2-sex, multistate, time-variant kinship model.
  • Modeled expected family relationships and the presence of transnational kin for older adults in Puerto Rico.

Main Results:

  • In 2021, a 65+ individual in Puerto Rico is projected to have an average of 5.6 close biological family members (2.8 adult children, 2.7 siblings), a decrease from 6.7 in 2000.
  • Under 2021 conditions, 69% of female kin and 71% of daughters are expected to reside in the United States.
  • The number of expected transnational living kin has increased from 2000 to 2021.

Conclusions:

  • Future elderly populations in Puerto Rico will likely experience a greater proportion of transnational family members.
  • Public health initiatives need to be adapted to support the unique needs of transnational families among aging populations.
  • The study highlights the evolving nature of family structures due to sustained migration patterns.