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Related Concept Videos

The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

6.4K
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

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Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
10:52

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Published on: August 13, 2016

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Mitotic spindle membranes.

Jonathan M Scholey1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|March 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The mitotic spindle

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The mitotic spindle is crucial for chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • It comprises microtubules (MTs) and motor proteins, originating from the interphase intracellular membrane network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the reciprocal relationship between mitotic spindle-associated membranes and the MT cytoskeleton.
  • To elucidate how membranes influence MTs and vice versa during cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and research on animal and fungal cells.
  • Analysis of the functional interplay between spindle membranes and MT cytoskeleton.

Main Results:

  • Spindle membranes regulate MT cytoskeleton composition, Ca++ concentration, and mechanical properties.

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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Self-Assembly of Microtubule Tactoids
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Self-Assembly of Microtubule Tactoids

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
10:52

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Self-Assembly of Microtubule Tactoids
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  • The MT cytoskeleton aids in membrane/organelle partitioning and inheritance.
  • The spindle MT cytoskeleton acts as a reservoir for membrane delivery to other cellular components.

    • Conclusions:

    • A dynamic, reciprocal relationship exists between spindle membranes and the MT cytoskeleton.
    • This interplay is vital for accurate cell division and cellular component distribution.