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Updated: May 23, 2025

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A method in non-destructive testing for lead shielding exceeding 25 kg/m² using ¹⁸F.

Jeremy Berrell^1,2,3, Deborah Carrick^4,5, Jason Tse^4,6

¹Biomedical Technology Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia. Jeremy.Berrell@health.qld.gov.au.

Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine

|March 11, 2025

Summary

This study developed a new method for non-destructive testing (NDT) of thick lead barriers using a Fluorine-18 (18F) source. The method is suitable for field use and verifies radiation protection compliance for lead shielding over 25 kg/m²

Keywords:

Fluorine-18 Lead shielding Monte Carlo Non-destructive testing PET shielding Positron emission tomography

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Area of Science:

Radiation Protection
Materials Science
Nuclear Engineering

Background:

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is crucial for verifying lead shielding integrity in radiation protection.
Existing NDT methods for lead shielding are limited for thicknesses exceeding 25 kg/m².
Accurate assessment of lead barrier thickness is essential for regulatory compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a reproducible 'in the field' NDT method for lead barriers > 25 kg/m².
To utilize a Fluorine-18 (18F) radioactive source for NDT applications.
To establish an empirical equation and methodology for assessing lead shielding thickness.

Main Methods:

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using PENELOPE and PENGEOM to model lead attenuators up to 302.7 kg/m².
Empirical validation of simulated Transmission Factor (TF) data using 18F source.
Measurements conducted at Source-to-Detector Distances (SDD) of 38.1 cm and 52.7 cm.

Main Results:

Simulated TF curves correlated with empirical data up to 162.4 kg/m² (38.1 cm SDD) and 138.0 kg/m² (52.7 cm SDD).
Deviations observed beyond these thicknesses due to significantly reduced measurable transmissions.
SDDs > 23 cm were found to provide sufficient near narrow beam conditions for the proposed NDT configuration.

Conclusions:

The developed method using an 18F source shows promise for NDT of thick lead barriers (> 25 kg/m²).
The study provides a foundation for in-situ verification of radiation shielding.
Transmission data will be made available to facilitate further research and application.