Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

199
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
199
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

15
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
15
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

24
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
24
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

22
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
22
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

21
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
21
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

19
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
19

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Let's present at a regional meeting].

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology·2026
Same author

Preceding infection and anti-GQ1b antibody in Miller Fisher syndrome.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2025
Same author

[Summarising a case you experienced: how to create understandable and effective slides].

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology·2025
Same author

[How to make effective figures in case reports].

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology·2025
Same author

[Summarising a case you experienced: how to write an abstract effectively].

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology·2024
Same author

Central hand syndrome.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2024
Same journal

Long-term real-world outcomes and device management of intrathecal drug delivery systems: A 16-year single-center experience with a primary focus on baclofen therapy.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Trends and safety of outpatient versus inpatient lumbar interbody fusion - A national cohort study.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

A case report on αIN antibody-mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Early prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation in invasively ventilated patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: A MIMIC-IV prediction model study.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

The dynamic interplay between cerebral collateral cascade and infarct growth rate in futile recanalization after endovascular thrombectomy: A pilot retrospective cohort study.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Sex differences in periprocedural complications of endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms: An analysis based on JR-NET4 short title sex differences in EVT for intracranial aneurysms.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord
10:46

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

Published on: April 7, 2015

11.6K

Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities patterns in bacterial meningitis.

Akiyuki Hiraga1, Kazuho Kojima1, Satoshi Kuwabara2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|March 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities are very common in bacterial meningitis (BM), appearing in 93% of patients. Researchers recommend DWI for all bacterial meningitis cases due to the wide spectrum of findings observed.

Keywords:
Bacterial meningitisDiffusion-weighted imagingInfective endocarditisMagnetic resonance imagingStrokeVentriculitis

More Related Videos

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:04

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 8, 2017

6.4K
Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:33

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord
10:46

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

Published on: April 7, 2015

11.6K
In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:04

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 8, 2017

6.4K
Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:33

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bacterial meningitis (BM) can lead to serious neurological complications.
  • Information regarding diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings in BM is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and patterns of DWI abnormalities in patients with culture-positive bacterial meningitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 14 patients with culture-positive BM who underwent MRI.
  • BM defined by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture or CSF pleocytosis with positive blood culture.

Main Results:

  • DWI abnormalities were detected in 13 out of 14 patients (93%).
  • Observed patterns included ischemic stroke, ventriculitis, sulcal hyperintensity, scattered cerebral hyperintensities, middle meningeal arterial sign, and abscess.
  • Ischemic stroke causes included infective endocarditis, vasculitis, and unclassified origins.

Conclusions:

  • DWI abnormalities are highly frequent in bacterial meningitis.
  • A wide spectrum of DWI abnormalities is observed in BM.
  • Performing DWI for all patients with BM is recommended.