Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

16.5K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
16.5K
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

48.8K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
48.8K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

52.1K
Overview
52.1K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.4K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.1K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.1K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

43.3K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Are We Making Genetically Modified Humans?

The CRISPR journal·2026
Same author

Reply to Z Yu and F Qin.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2026
Same author

CRISPR-based technologies for large DNA insertions.

Trends in biotechnology·2026
Same author

Under Pressure: Can CRISPR Deliver Despite Contextual Headwinds?

The CRISPR journal·2026
Same author

<i>Clostridium septicum</i> Alpha Toxin-Based Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Protects Broiler Chickens Against Clostridial Dermatitis.

Avian diseases·2026
Same author

Regulatory Support for CRISPR in Ag: A Timely EU-Turn.

The CRISPR journal·2026
Same journal

A global response contributes to tissue size robustness upon local induction of apoptosis.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Prebilaterian origin of monoaminergic signaling.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

CLASP-dependent microtubule stabilization generates microtubule-based protrusive forces during Drosophila epithelial morphogenesis.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Pigeons make slow, divergent eye movements during flight and large, convergent eye movements when landing.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Temperature signals drive grass secondary cell wall thickening.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Neuronal RNAi and oxygen-sensing circuit shape germline resilience to heat stress.

Current biology : CB·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira
14:49

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira

Published on: August 14, 2021

5.0K

Bacterial evolution: CRISPR out and virulence in.

Ourania Raftopoulou1, Rodolphe Barrangou1

  • 1Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|March 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loss of bacterial CRISPR-Cas immunity enhances genome changes, promoting virulence. This study shows how Xanthomonas campestris evolved to infect Brassica plants by losing this defense system.

More Related Videos

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.6K
Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira
14:49

Application of CRISPR Interference CRISPRi for Gene Silencing in Pathogenic Species of Leptospira

Published on: August 14, 2021

5.0K
Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.6K
Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Genetics
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity in bacteria.
  • Loss of these systems can impact bacterial evolution and pathogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CRISPR-Cas system loss in the evolution of bacterial virulence.
  • To understand the adaptation of Xanthomonas campestris into a virulent pathogen.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of Xanthomonas campestris strains.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to trace the evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • Pathogenicity assays on Brassica species.

Main Results:

  • The loss of CRISPR-Cas immune systems was correlated with increased genome plasticity in Xanthomonas campestris.
  • Strains lacking functional CRISPR-Cas systems showed enhanced acquisition of virulence factors.
  • Xanthomonas campestris strains with lost CRISPR-Cas systems were found to be virulent pathogens of Brassica vasculature and mesophyll.

Conclusions:

  • Loss of CRISPR-Cas immunity is a significant driver of bacterial adaptation and evolution towards pathogenicity.
  • CRISPR-Cas deficiency facilitates the integration of genetic elements that enhance virulence in Xanthomonas campestris.
  • Understanding this mechanism provides insights into plant disease development and bacterial evolution.