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Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
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Assessing Hepatitis B virus infection, risk factors and immunization among particularly vulnerable tribal groups in

Haimanti Bhattacharya1, Matrujyoti Pattnaik1, Aparajita Swain1,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology & One Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.

Scientific Reports
|March 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent in Odisha

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tribal Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) often face unique health disparities.
  • Assessing HBV prevalence and risk factors in indigenous populations is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in PVTG communities in Odisha.
  • To identify risk factors associated with HBV infection within this population.
  • To evaluate Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and immune response.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based survey (Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey - OTFHS) involving 4006 PVTG participants.
  • Analysis of viral markers including HBsAg, Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), viral load, and liver function tests.
  • Assessment of vaccination status and anti-HBs antibody titers in children.

Main Results:

  • Overall HBsAg prevalence was 5.73%, with Kutia Khond tribes showing the highest rate (17.85%).
  • Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 91% in children aged 0-36 months, with a mean Anti-HBs titre of 142.56 mIU/ml.
  • Tattooing and piercing were associated with higher HBsAg positivity; abnormal liver function correlated with HBeAg positivity and high viral loads.

Conclusions:

  • Significant HBV prevalence necessitates urgent public health strategies in Odisha's PVTG population.
  • Risk factor management, health education, and regular monitoring/treatment are essential.
  • High vaccination coverage indicates potential for disease control, but ongoing surveillance is vital.

Keywords:
DNA virusHepatitis BIndigenous populationPVTGTribal health

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