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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Two Decades at 21%: Unchanging Gender Disparities in Rhinology Fellowships.

Taylor J Stack1, Morgan N McCain1, Samuel P O'Rourke1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The percentage of women in rhinology fellowships has plateaued around 21.1% since 2002, despite an increase in absolute numbers. While women rhinologists show similar academic productivity (h-index) to men at equivalent ranks, overall representation remains lower.

Keywords:
DEIacademic rankfellowshipgendergender equitygender trendsh-indexinclusionscholarly productivitytraining

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Specialties
  • Surgical Subspecialties
  • Otolaryngology
  • Rhinology

Background:

  • Women's representation in otolaryngology has grown, but disparities persist in subspecialties like rhinology.
  • Previous studies have not comprehensively analyzed demographic trends and academic output of fellowship-trained rhinologists.
  • Understanding gender distribution and productivity is crucial for advancing equity in specialized surgical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate demographic trends and academic productivity among fellowship-trained rhinologists in the United States.
  • To analyze gender distribution, career stage, practice settings, and scholarly impact (h-index) within rhinology.
  • To identify any gender-based disparities in academic progression and productivity within the subspecialty.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study analyzing publicly available data of 477 fellowship-trained rhinologists from 31 U.S. fellowships.
  • Data collected included gender, career stage, practice setting, h-index, and academic rank.
  • Statistical analyses employed Fischer's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, ANOVA, and eta-squared (η²) for significance.

Main Results:

  • The percentage of women in rhinology fellowships has plateaued at approximately 21.1% since 2002, despite an absolute increase in numbers.
  • No significant gender differences were observed in career stage or practice type; most rhinologists were mid-career (median 7 years) in academic settings.
  • Women rhinologists had a slightly lower overall h-index (7 vs. 9), but this difference disappeared when stratified by academic rank.

Conclusions:

  • The proportion of women entering rhinology fellowships has stagnated, indicating a persistent gender gap in this subspecialty.
  • Academic productivity, as measured by h-index, is comparable between genders when controlling for academic rank.
  • While progress in gender equity has been made in otolaryngology overall, rhinology requires targeted strategies to improve female representation.