Vaccination in multiple sclerosis: Tackling challenges and paving the way for effective immunization

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Public Health

Background:

• Vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) faces unique challenges.
• Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can increase infection risk but also reduce vaccine efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• Identify challenges in effective immunization for PwMS.
• Explore strategies to optimize vaccination practices in this population.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent guidelines and studies on PwMS vaccination.
• Analysis of challenges, unmet needs, and improvement opportunities.

Main Results:

• Early immunization before DMT initiation is crucial for optimal response.
• Strategies like bridging therapies or advanced formulations may enhance efficacy for specific patients.
• Live-attenuated vaccines may be safely administered in select cases.
• Overcoming vaccine hesitancy requires education, counseling, and improved access, especially in LMICs.
• Inclusivity is vital for pediatric, pregnant, and elderly PwMS.

Conclusions:

• A multifaceted approach and stakeholder collaboration are essential for effective PwMS immunization.
• An integrated strategy can ensure timely DMT administration alongside robust immunization.
• Further evidence generation is needed to support optimal vaccination practices.