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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Updated: May 22, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Negative Enthalpy Doping Stabilizes P2-Type Oxides Cathode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Yongcong Huang1, Shuai Gu2, Xin Xu1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Negative enthalpy doping enhances sodium-ion battery cathode stability. This strategy improves cycling life and capacity retention for P2-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) materials, enabling high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

Keywords:
P2‐type layered oxidescathodes for sodium‐ion batteriesnegative enthalpy dopingoxygen redoxreduced lattice distortion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • P2-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from capacity degradation due to structural instability and oxygen loss during cycling.
  • Destructive structural evolution and irreversible oxygen loss lead to rapid capacity fade in SIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the structural stability and electrochemical performance of P2-type NNMO cathode material for SIBs.
  • To investigate the efficacy of negative enthalpy doping (NED) strategy for improving SIB cathode durability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a negative enthalpy doping (NED) strategy by substituting transition metal sites in NNMO with Sn, Sb, Cu, Ti, Mg, and Zn.
  • Investigated the structural and electrochemical properties of NED-NNMO using cycling tests and electrochemical performance analysis.
  • Fabricated an ampere-hour scale pouch cell to evaluate practical performance.

Main Results:

  • NED-NNMO demonstrated suppressed P2 to O2 phase transition and improved Na+ kinetics, leading to enhanced cycling stability.
  • The doped material exhibited smoother voltage platforms and improved oxygen redox reversibility compared to pristine NNMO.
  • NED-NNMO delivered a high capacity of 138.9 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C, with 94.6% retention after 100 cycles at 1 C and 90.0% over 3000 cycles at 30 C.
  • An ampere-hour scale pouch cell achieved an energy density of 139 Wh kg-1.

Conclusions:

  • Negative enthalpy doping is an effective strategy for designing robust and high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
  • The NED-NNMO cathode offers a promising solution for long-term cycling stability and high rate capability in SIBs.