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Association Between Cardiovascular Biological Age and Cardiovascular Disease - A Prospective Cohort Study
Jiajie Cai1, Rui Yu1, Ning Zhang1
1West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University.
Insights
Cardiovascular biological age (CBA) is linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study reveals CBA as an early indicator for various CVD types, offering insights for prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Cardiovascular Research
- Gerontology
Background:
- Biological age is a risk factor for age-related diseases and cardiovascular outcomes.
- The specific relationship between cardiovascular biological age (CBA) and diverse cardiovascular diseases (CVD) requires further clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between CBA and 17 distinct types of CVD.
- To explore potential nonlinear relationships between CBA, CBA acceleration, and CVD incidence.
Main Methods:
- Constructed CBA using the Klemera-Doubal method (KDM-CBA) from composite biomarkers in 262,343 UK Biobank participants.
- Calculated KDM-CBA acceleration as the difference between KDM-CBA and chronological age.
- Employed Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline models to analyze associations.
Main Results:
- Increased KDM-CBA was significantly associated with various CVD types, including hypertension (HR=2.115) and coronary atherosclerosis (HR=1.711).
- KDM-CBA acceleration demonstrated similar associations with CVD incidence.
- Both KDM-CBA and its acceleration exhibited J-type nonlinear associations with nearly all analyzed CVD types.
Conclusions:
- CBA is demonstrably associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease.
- This finding supports aging as a common pathway for various CVDs and highlights CBA's potential as an early CVD risk indicator.
- The results provide valuable insights for developing targeted CVD interventions.
Background:
Biological age serves as a common starting point for various age-related diseases and can be associated with a wide range of cardiovascular outcomes. However, associations between cardiovascular biological age (CBA) and various types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear.
Methods And Results:
Analyzing 262,343 UK Biobank participants, we constructed CBA based on composite biomarkers using the Klemera-Doubal method (denoted as KDM-CBA). We measured KDM-CBA acceleration as the difference between KDM-CBA and chronological age. We then examined the associations between KDM-CBA and 17 CVD types using Cox proportional hazard models. We used restricted cubic spline models to assess potential nonlinear associations of KDM-CBA and KDM-CBA acceleration with different types of CVDs. We observed that KDM-CBA (per 1SD increase) was associated with various CVD types, but with different extent (hypertension: hazard ratio (HR)=2.115, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.083-2.148; coronary atherosclerosis: HR=1.711, 95% CI: 1.545-1.896). We observed similar results for KDM-CBA acceleration and KDM-CBA. KDM-CBA and KDM-CBA acceleration showed J-type nonlinear associations with nearly all CVD types (cutoff values of ≈55 and -1.7 years for KDM-CBA and KDM-CBA acceleration, respectively).
Conclusions:
Our study showed that CBA is associated with increased incidence of CVD, which further validates aging as a common starting point for different CVD types as well as highlighting CBA's role as an early CVD indicator, providing valuable insights for CVD interventions.
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