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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

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Updated: May 22, 2025

A Colorimetric Method for Measuring Iron Content in Plants

A Colorimetric Method for Measuring Iron Content in Plants

Published on: September 7, 2018

Substitutions in Fe₂P Alloys for Permanent Magnet Applications.

Vasilios Panagopoulos^1,2, Athanasios Sigalos¹, Dimitrios I Anyfantis¹

¹Amen New Technologies, 15343 Athens, Greece.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 13, 2025

Summary

Iron phosphide (Fe2P) alloys are promising rare-earth-free permanent magnets. Substitutions like Mn enhance saturation magnetization, crucial for energy-efficient technologies, though Curie temperature may decrease.

Keywords:

Curie temperature Fe2P alloys coercivity magnetic properties magnetization permanent magnets substitutions

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Physics
Magnetism

Background:

Iron phosphide (Fe2P) alloys are increasingly investigated for permanent magnet applications.
There is a growing demand for rare-earth-free magnetic materials for sustainable technologies.
Tailoring magnetic properties like magnetization and Curie temperature is essential for industrial use.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in Fe2P alloy substitutions for enhanced permanent magnet performance.
To understand the impact of Si, Co, Mn, and Ni substitutions on Fe2P magnetic properties.
To identify challenges in developing Fe2P-based rare-earth-free magnets.

Main Methods:

Review of recent research on substitutional elements in Fe2P alloys.
Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns to confirm phase purity and crystallinity.
Investigation of crystallographic sites for substituted elements (Fe-site vs. P-site).

Main Results:

Substitutions (Mn, Ni) maintain the Fe2P phase purity and P-62m crystallographic structure.
Mn substitution significantly increases saturation magnetization (MS = 87 Am²/kg).
Co and Ni substitutions show varied effects on magnetic properties; Si substitutes the P-site.

Conclusions:

Substitutional doping offers a viable route to tune Fe2P magnetic properties for permanent magnets.
Mn substitution is effective in enhancing saturation magnetization.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges related to Curie temperature and specific site substitutions.