One-Dimensional Blood Flow Modeling in the Cardiovascular System. From the Conventional Physiological Setting to...

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

• Hemodynamics are crucial for cardiovascular function, involving complex mechanical environments.
• Current systemic blood flow models primarily focus on resting, supine conditions, neglecting real-life physiological variations.
• Inter-individual variability and patient-specific modeling present significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current advances in systemic-scale blood flow modeling.
• To identify opportunities for simulating blood flow beyond resting conditions, including exercise and sleep.
• To address the need for patient-specific cardiovascular models.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of systemic-scale distributed parameter-based blood flow modeling.
• Analysis of challenges in modeling non-resting physiological states and inter-individual variability.
• Discussion of methodological advancements for complex cardiovascular simulations.

Main Results:

• Existing models are limited to simplified scenarios, overlooking crucial physiological states.
• Factors like respiration, control mechanisms, gravity, and organ-specific physiology require further investigation.
• Patient-specific cardiovascular modeling is an emerging but underdeveloped field.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need to expand blood flow modeling to encompass diverse physiological states and patient-specific variations.
• Advanced modeling approaches are required to address the complexities of real-life cardiovascular dynamics.
• Future research should focus on developing robust methodologies for simulating dynamic and personalized cardiovascular function.