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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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[New developments in juvenile arthritis].

Aikaterini Koryllou1, Katerina Theodoropoulou1

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a complex childhood joint disease. While new treatments improve outcomes, achieving lasting remission and preventing adult disability requires ongoing multidisciplinary care and transition support.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pediatric Immunology
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Context:

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic, heterogeneous inflammatory joint disease affecting children under 16.
  • Systemic JIA is now recognized as the pediatric form of Still's disease.
  • Current expert guidelines (PRES/EULAR 2024) recommend prompt treatment, including IL-1/IL-6 blockade and complication screening.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the current understanding and management challenges of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
  • To emphasize the need for improved strategies for achieving and maintaining remission in JIA patients.
  • To underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach for long-term patient outcomes.

Summary:

  • Despite advancements in pharmacotherapy, achieving durable remission in JIA remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • A substantial proportion of JIA patients experience persistent disease activity and physical disability into adulthood.
  • Effective management necessitates a multidisciplinary team approach and structured transition programs from pediatric to adult care.

Impact:

  • Improved long-term outcomes for JIA patients through optimized treatment and care transitions.
  • Reduced physical disability and enhanced quality of life for individuals with JIA.
  • Advancement of pediatric rheumatology through evidence-based management strategies and collaborative care models.